Class Work; 4 Different Research Method Articles

~~~~~

1. Xu, F., Austin, M., Reilly, N., Hilder, L., & Sullivan, E. A. (2012). Major depressive disorder in the perinatal period: using data linkage to inform perinatal mental health policy. Archives of Women's Mental Health,15(5), 333-341. doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0289-8
2. Policy Research Method
3. The authors used this method in order to acknowledge prenatal mental health policy, and how it is helpful for pregnant women with depression, mainly. Policy method shows how this disorder is being handled in the health field. This method enables the authors to test out the policies' currently in play, and according to them treat prenatal women, and see the results being positive health wise. This method was chosen over others, because they were trying to inform the audience the way health practices manage pregnancy with women with depression, they were not trying to gain something new out of this. The thing about this topic that led the authors to use this research method was that medicine has protocols for pregnant women with depressive disorders, therefore this topic had a policy to govern these problems, leading them to use the policy method.
4. The conclusion of this study was that it "confirms the pattern of depressive disorder hospital admissions" from past studies, concluding that the policy currently in play is governing prenatal depression in the right way. Policy method let the authors, follow the protocols of it and confirm that it governs in an appropriate health manner. They also concluded that while prenatal depression is being taken care of, we need to also focus on postpartum depression. The policy for this is now being "advocated" to do an intervention for women with depression following pregnancy. The current policy did not match the standards to which postpartum depression should be treated, because many women had depression and were not getting the right treatment. 
5. One interesting thing I discovered while leafing through this article was what this research was based upon. I did not realize that this many pregnant women had depressive disorders, and that they were being admitted into hospitals for this. Also, around this is that there was a policy for this, this was a new thing I discovered, and glad that there are protocols like these, even if they still need some work. 

~~~~~

1. Betancourt, T. S., Frounfelker, R., Mishra, T., Hussein, A., & Falzarano, R. (2015). Addressing Health Disparities in the Mental Health of Refugee Children and Adolescents Through Community-Based Participatory Research: A Study in 2 Communities. American Journal of Public Health,105(S3). doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302504
2. Participatory Action Research
3. The authors used this method in order to involve subjects, refugee children and adolescents in a community, in an experiment which will end up helping them, and the participants will also have to manage somewhat of this. Participatory action research method allows for the participants to actually control their own results and be active in the research. This method was chosen over others, because the authors wanted the participants to stay involved and active with their own results and in what way they can manage them and improve their mental health caused by depressive disorder of some sort. This method enables the participants to take equal control over the research as the researchers can. The researchers can only perform a study, but over time it is up to the participants to how to control and improve their results. The research was based upon a very general health disparities, so it had to be done so that each individual can handle their own health, therefore the PAR was chosen.
4. The conclusion of this study was that there are many barriers due to culture, causing health disparities such as depressive disorders in children. The PAR method let the children and their parents, acknowledge what was going on and how all this can be reduced. They also concluded that mental health screening tools are to be made in order to help children like these who live in diverse populations, and have barriers which don't allow them to openly express themselves. This will make people more aware of the problem and most probably they will seek treatment. The PAR method allowed each individual in the study to communicate how they felt, and got different types of interventions based upon this. But, it is up to the subject to keep up with the intervention and improve their health. 
5. One interesting thing I discovered through this article is that barriers within diverse populations can cause depressive health disparities among children living in that area. The children are not able to communicate sufficiently or openly express themselves based on their different culture. I had no idea these were the things children were going through and plus causing such a burden on their mental health. 

~~~~~

1. Kathree, T., Selohilwe, O. M., Bhana, A., & Petersen, I. (2014). Perceptions of postnatal depression and health care needs in a South African sample: the “mental” in maternal health care. BMC Women's Health,14(1). doi:10.1186/s12905-014-0140-7
2. Ethnography Observational Research
3. The authors used this method in studying possibly how and why depression in post natal women occur in Africa. This study also probably can be generalized to other parts of the world with a poor environment. The authors used this study because they observed women in interviewing them, in the follow ups, and at the participants' home environment. They observed the lifestyle these women lived, in their post natal phase, and related that back to their depression. This method specifically enabled the authors to observe women with depression after birth, without any intervention being done. This allowed the study to be based on only the participant, and how they live their life daily. This was also the reason to choose this method over others, it allowed natural observation without any change, which could conclude to why women had depression based on their way of life after giving birth. The authors wanted to know how the environment, culturally and systematically, effect post natal womens' health causing depression.
4. The conclusion of this study was very vague. It concluded that post natal depression in women in Africa had many factors surrounding it, such as; "Poverty, unwanted pregnancy and interpersonal conflict including partner rejection and associated lack of mater- ial and social support as well as conflicts including do- mestic violence," (Kathree). This method allowed the authors to observe what women went through in their lives and what type of environment they lived in. Observational study made it easier to correlate depression to their environment. 
5. One interesting thing I discovered through reading this article was that many things together can trigger depression, generalizing to other depressive disorders. I used to think it is probably things from the same subject, but this study proved that many different factors can all together cause depression.

~~~~~

1. Vogelzangs, N., Duivis, H. E., Beekman, A. T., Kluft, C., Neuteboom, J., Hoogendijk, W., . . . Penninx, B. W. (2012). Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation. Translational Psychiatry,2(2). doi:10.1038/tp.2012.8
2. Cohort Causation Association Research
3. The authors have used this method because they did not know what the outcome would be of the study they were performing, the long term effects of depressive and anxiety disorders. Also, the participants were from three different groups, each group had common characteristics. The authors used this method because it helped them see the association of depressive and anxiety disorders and their medications with inflammation, in a cohort group of depressed individuals. This method allowed the authors to conform the correlation because all individuals with similar characteristics showed the same results regarding this. This method was chosen over others because it allowed for cohort group of individuals, with similar characteristics, to be the participants of this study. The authors wanted to see of individuals with depressive disorders will all react the same with antidepressant with inflammation, which this study method allowed them to observe and come to the conclusion based upon many similar results. 
4. The conclusion of this study confirmed that "immune dysregulation" was present in depressed people, which showed a clear association of inflammation with depression. This method allowed the authors to test a cohort group, with similar characteristics, allowing them to make their conclusion more valid. More depressed people showed this association of inflammation in their immune system with depression, which led the conclusion to confirm this claim. 
5. One interesting thing I discovered in this article was the main topic itself. I did not know that health issues such as inflammation can cause depressive disorders. I used to think it was all mental factors triggering depression or anxiety.