TOPOI..so far

Critical Appraisal/Synthesis Matrix (5 Articles)

Author/Date	Aim of Study	Type of literature + Type of method	Result/Conclusion	Strengths + Limitations	Thematic Codings	Setting/ Context
N Vogelzangs, HE Duivis, ATF Beekman, C Kluft, J Neuteboom, W Hoogendijk, JH Smit, P de Jonge and BWJH Penninx (2012)	To acknowledge more about the correlation between depressive disorders and antidepressant medication and also with inflammation within the body.	Research Article & Cohort Research Method	The conclusion of this study confirmed that "immune dysregulation" was present in depressed people, which showed a clear association of inflammation with depression.	The strength of this article was that the participants of the study were all a part of a cohort group based upon their depressive disorder. The limitations of this study was that it only looked for inflammation within the body to associate with depressive disorder, there could have been other health issues that could correlate.	An association between inflammation and depressive disorder. Men showed more signs of this association.	The Netherlands Study of Depression   and Anxiety (NESDA) as    a Cohort  Study.
Tasneem Kathree, One M Selohilwe, Arvin Bhana and Inge Petersen (2014)	To find out what causes postnatal depression and depressive disorders in women, and how the environment they live in effect this more, in a negative way.	Research Article & Ethnography Research Method	It concluded that post natal depression in women in Africa had many factors surrounding it, such as; "Poverty, unwanted pregnancy and interpersonal conflict including partner rejection and associated lack of mater- ial and social support as well as conflicts including do- mestic violence," (Kathree, 2014).	The strength of this article was that it focused on only postnatal women, and observed them without any interference, letting the study be natural. The limitations were that it followed physically, on physical observation, maybe they should have observed medically into health and what causes this after giving birth.	Postnatal depression in woman associated with the environment and the way they lived their life.	community health centre (CHC) in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda dis-trict in the North West Province.
Theresa S. Betancourt, ScD, MA, Rochelle Frounfelker, MPH, MSSW, Tej Mishra, MPH, Aweis Hussein, and Rita Falzarano, BA (2015)	To address mental health disparities in children caused by the barriers coming from a different culture and also the different culture it self.	Research Article & Participatory Action Research Method	The conclusion of this study was that there are many barriers due to culture, causing health disparities such as depressive disorders in children. Also, that mental health screening tools are to be made in order to help children like these who live in diverse populations, and have barriers which don't allow them to openly express themselves.	The strength of this article was that it allowed participants to get help from their community from the community’s participation in helping these children. The limitations were again the barriers themselves, did the children really understand what was going on during this research, an dhow well did they understand and will they be able to take control of these health disparities if the barriers were present while this research was taking place.	Community involvement is essential to helping these children. The barriers are a major cause of these health disparities.	Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees living in the Greater Boston and Springfield, Massa-chusetts, area between 2011 and 2014.
Xu, F., Austin, M., Reilly, N., Hilder, L., & Sullivan, E. A. (2012)	To check and further improve the current policies in place to offer medical care to perinatal women who are going through depressive disorders.	Research Article & Policy Method	The conclusion of this study was that it "confirms the pattern of depressive disorder hospital admissions" from past studies, concluding that the policy currently in play is governing prenatal depression in the right way. Also, that while prenatal depression is being taken care of, we need to also focus on postpartum depression.	The strength of this article was that it focused on pregnant women in their perinatal period and observed how medical places were giving care to them and how that matched with the current policies. The limitations were that they did not try anything new in order to improve the care given.	Perinatal women with some sort of depressive disorder. Impact on not only the mother but immediate family also the baby.	New South Wales (NSW) & Midwives Data Collection (MDC)
Maddux, R. E., & Johansson, H. (2014)	To check which treatments are right and which are wrong for individuals with depressive disorders.	Research Article & Practice Method	The conclusion of this study was that there are specific treatments that work for certain types of disorders and some only for one type or something like this. There is a criteria for each type of depressive disorder.	The strength of this article was that it focused on only one type of depressive disorder, for which the results mostly could be generalized. The limitations on this article was that we do not know for sure for which depressive disorders these can exactly be generalized providing the same results.	DPD depressive disorder. Treatments which work.	A patient who was treated at a University-affiliated psychiatric clinic over approximately 12 years.

Synthesis Matrix/Critical Appraisal

Research Journal #3

Article 1

1. Xu, F., Austin, M., Reilly, N., Hilder, L., & Sullivan, E. A. (2012). Major depressive disorder in the perinatal period: using data linkage to inform perinatal mental health policy. Archives of Women's Mental Health,15(5), 333-341. doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0289-8
2. This source is a policy research method kind of source, also can be a primary source. This article is testing out current polices which are in place regarding depressive disorders in an individual, and seeks to know if current polices are efficient enough nowadays. This primary source can be a tremendous help in acknowledging how currently treatment is offered for individuals with depressive disorders. This can help people so that they also are aware that they can get help.
3. This source is relevant to my research question because it shows the type and how treatment is being given to individuals with depressive disorders, mostly prenatal women. The policies expand more on the treatments, and if people are more aware of these then they are more likely to seek treatments. Depressive disorder in prenatal women has to be handled very carefully and polices describe how, therefore, the policy method is the best to cover the gap between this disorder and treatments. My question is based upon getting treatments for individuals with this, and making their quality of life better. The better the treatments are offered they more awareness there will be and more people will seek treatment. 
4. This source will be used in the results section as it acknowledges the need for treatment for individuals with depressive disorders. The conclusion from this article confirms more positive impact on prenatal women with depressive disorders if they are treated as the policies that currently governs depressive disorders state. This source can provide information about the treatments effecting positively on people with depressive disorders, mostly for pregnant women, and can show other that treatment is very important for these disorders.
5. One interesting thing I discovered while reading through this article was what this research was based upon. I did not realize that this many pregnant women had depressive disorders, and that they were being admitted into hospitals for this. Also, around this is that there was a policy for this, this was a new thing I discovered, and glad that there are protocols like these, even if they still need some work. 

Article 2

1. Betancourt, T. S., Frounfelker, R., Mishra, T., Hussein, A., & Falzarano, R. (2015). Addressing Health Disparities in the Mental Health of Refugee Children and Adolescents Through Community-Based Participatory Research: A Study in 2 Communities. American Journal of Public Health,105(S3). doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302504
2. This source is a participatory action research kind of source and will be very helpful in my research. This research method had participants themselves be involved in making a positive impact towards their disorder. Participatory action research method allows for the participants to actually control their own results and be active in the research. This method enables the participants to take equal control over the research as the researchers can. The researchers can only perform a study, but over time it is up to the participants to how to control and improve their results. The participants, going through depressive disorders, have full control over their own health and how to improve it. The research was based upon a very general health disparities, so it had to be done so that each individual can handle their own health, therefore the PAR was chosen. 
3. This source is relevant to my research question in a indirect way. This research shows ways an individual with some sort of depressive disorder can be involved in their treatment and improve their mental health. Being more aware of your problem can lead to a better quality of life for these individuals. They will themselves know how to improve their own health even after the researchers are done with the experiment, because they will have control over themselves much better. Which is a very good type of treatment, PAR treatments can become a great part of a person suffering from this. This research method somewhat shows a way of treatment for people suffering from any kind of depressive disorders.
4. This source will be used in the results section of my literature review to display the types of treatments available for people with depressive disorders. This will acknowledge how they can take control of their lives and make the quality of their life better as they deal with the depressive disorder they are going through. This lets individuals know that they do not have to rely on someone but themselves to fix their disorder, but of course with the help of a professional.
5. One interesting thing I discovered through this article is that barriers within diverse populations can cause depressive health disparities among children living in that area. The children are not able to communicate sufficiently or openly express themselves based on their different culture. I had no idea these were the things children were going through and plus causing such a burden on their mental health. 

Article 3

1. Kathree, T., Selohilwe, O. M., Bhana, A., & Petersen, I. (2014). Perceptions of postnatal depression and health care needs in a South African sample: the “mental” in maternal health care. BMC Women's Health,14(1). doi:10.1186/s12905-014-0140-7
2. This source is an ethnography observational research, where only observation with no intervention technique was used. This study allowed for the observation of women in interviewing them, in the follow ups, and at the participants' home environment. They observed the lifestyle these women lived, in their post natal phase, and related that back to their depression. This allowed the study to be based on only the participant, and how they live their life daily.
3. This article is relevant to my topic as it recognizes the postnatal depressive disorder in a population of women in Africa, in terms of practice. It suggests that through the economic problems, and poverty problems, many women are facing this. It also suggests many ways this can be treated, mostly through counseling. For my question, it answers how this can be treated, as well as helps me narrow down my search to pregnant women or somewhere around that period of time, before or after.
4. This source will be used in my results section of the literature review as a knowledgable source letting know how the environment a women lives in after her pregnancy can have an effect on her mental health in terms of depressive disorder. It is a focus on how treatments can be done without a medical facility, but within a community itself for these types of disorders. This source will really show out of the box treatments available for people with depressive disorders, especially postnatal women.
5. One interesting thing I discovered through reading this article was that many things together can trigger depression, generalizing to other depressive disorders. I used to think it is probably things from the same subject, but this study proved that many different factors can all together cause depression.

Article 4

1. Vogelzangs, N., Duivis, H. E., Beekman, A. T., Kluft, C., Neuteboom, J., Hoogendijk, W., . . . Penninx, B. W. (2012). Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation. Translational Psychiatry,2(2). doi:10.1038/tp.2012.8
2. This article is a cohort causation association research method type of research. The outcomes was not known of the study they were performing, the long term effects of depressive and anxiety disorders. Also, the participants were from three different groups, each group had common characteristics. This method let the correlation be made between depressive disorders and antidepressants with inflammation from a cohort group of people, who all shared a common characteristic of having a depressive disorder.
3. This kind of source is relevant to my research question because my question and research is purely based upon people who have depressive disorder. The cohort research method allows that the people the results are based upon are also a group with this similar characteristic of having some sort of depressive disorder. This research allowed the results to be generalized to other cohort groups with depressive disorder.
4. This source will be used in the results section of my literature review as a resource to generalize the results of how mostly mental depressive disorder is related to what physically is occurring in the body. I can generalize these results to other populations of people who deal with some sort of depressive disorder, since this method allowed the results to only come from people with depressive disorder. 
5. One interesting thing I discovered in this article was the main topic itself. I did not know that health issues such as inflammation can cause depressive disorders. I used to think it was all mental factors triggering depression or anxiety. 

Article 5

1. Maddux, R. E., & Johansson, H. (2014). A case of depressive personality disorder: Aligning theory, practice, and clinical research. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment,5(1), 117-124. doi:10.1037/a0031680
2. This article is a practice type of research, it lets the study be basically based upon practice. Practice of what is right and wrong treatment for individuals with depressive disorders in my literature review. This method allows for experimenting what works and what does not, letting participants find out the treatment that allows them to improve their quality of life.
3. This kind of source is relevant to my research question because it helps find more treatment options for people who go through some sort of depressive disorder on a daily bases. The more ways a person dealing with these can cope, the more better their quality of life will be, which is what will be gained as the result of the treatments. More people will be able to connect with some method to improve their mental health therefore more will seek treatment. 
4. This source will be used in the results section of my literature review as a resource to provide many treatment options for people with any type of depressive disorder. This source will provide treatments, which in the study have worked out well, will be generalized to be used or try on people who go through these situations daily. The practice method can really show also how practice within a treatment can help improve mental health for these types of disorders.
5. One interesting thing that I found while reading the article was that there is something called depressive personality disorder, I did not ever knew that personality disorder can be associated with depressive disorder